Certis can evaluate a range of biomarker and pharmacodynamic endpoints in preclinical studies, including PK/PD sampling and analysis, biomarker identification, immune cell characterization by flow cytometry, cell population characterization, phenotypic analysis, and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Common pharmacodynamic analysis methods include Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF), Meso Scale Discovery (MSD®), and spectral flow cytometry for analyzing cell subpopulations in blood (on study) and/or post-takedown in other tissues.